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What is vitreous enamel?
Vitreous enamel, also known as glass enamel, is finely ground glass powder that is applied to steel and then fired at around 800°C. During the firing process, the glass fuses with the metal surface, forming a hard, durable and fully sealed layer.
The result is a material that:
- retains its color
- resists UV, moisture, and temperature changes
- is extremely wear-resistant
- can last for decades without losing quality
At Emaillerie Belge, we work exclusively with this type of enamel, which has been used since the early 20th century in signage and advertising.
What is ceramic?
Ceramic is made from clay that is shaped and then fired at high temperatures. The finished object is entirely composed of fired mineral material. Ceramic can be glazed, giving it a shiny protective layer, but its core remains fired clay.
It is often used for tableware, tiles or art objects. Ceramic is strong, but less impact-resistant than enamel on steel.
What is porcelain?
Porcelain is a refined type of ceramic, made from a specific type of clay (kaolin) and fired at even higher temperatures. It is finer, whiter, and denser than standard ceramic.
Like ceramic, porcelain is made entirely from mineral material — not from metal coated with glass.
Why are they often confused?
The confusion arises because all three materials:
- are fired at high temperatures
- can have a glass-like appearance
- are durable and retain their color
The essential difference, however, lies in their structure: enamel is glass fused to steel, while ceramic and porcelain are made entirely from fired clay.
Why does that difference matter?
Because enamel fuses with steel, it combines the hardness of glass with the strength of metal. This makes it particularly suited for outdoor applications such as street signs, facade signage and architectural elements.
Ceramic and porcelain have other qualities, but they are rarely used for long-lasting outdoor signage.
Want to know exactly how vitreous enamel is made? Check out our article on enamel production.
